| SYSTEM OF ELECTIONS 选举制度 |
Since 1957, Malaysia has retained a multi-party political system whereby the political party which secures the majority of the Parliamentary seats (House of Representatives) or the State Legislative Assembly seats can form the Federal or State Government as the case may be. 自1957年以来，马来西亚已保留了一个多党政治体制下，政党，保证了多数的议会席位（众议院 ） 或国家立法议会中的席位，可形成由联邦或州政府视情况而定。 The system used in Malaysia is based on the First-Past-The-Post System . 该系统采用的是马来西亚的基础上， 首次在过去- -邮政系统 。 This implies that the candidate who secures a simple majority will be declared the winner in that constituency. 这意味着候选人保证简单多数，将被宣布为冠军，在该选区。
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| ELECTION LAWS AND REGULATIONS 选举法律法规 |
To facilitate the implementation of elections a number of laws and regulations have been enacted to ensure the election procedure is strictly followed. 以便利执行选举的一些法律，法规已制定出来，以确保整个选举程序是严格遵守。 The laws and regulations formulated are: 有关法律和法规制定的有：
1. 1 。 Federal Constitution 联邦宪法
2. 2 。 States Constitution 各国宪法
3. 3 。 Election Act, 1958 (Act 19) 选举法令， 1958年（法19条）
4. 4 。 Election Offences Act, 1954 (Act 5) 选举罪法令， 1954年（第5号法令）
5. 5 。 Elections (Conduct of Elections) Regulations, 1981 选举（进行的选举）规例， 1981年
6. 6 。 Elections (Registration of Electors) Regulations, 2002 选举（选民登记 ） 规例， 2002年
7. 7 。 Elections (Postal Voting) Regulations 2003 选举（邮政投票）规例2003年
These laws and regulations are directly involved with the election process. 这些法律和规章的直接参与选举进程。 However other relevant laws which are not directly involved in the election process but have a role in its smooth conduct include the Police Act 1962; Sedition Act 1970; Official Secrets Act 1972; and the Internal Security Act 1960. 但是其他有关法律，而不是直接参与选举过程，但有一个角色，它的顺利进行，包括警察法， 1962年;煽动叛乱法， 1970年官方机密法令， 1972年和内部安全法令1960 。 |
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| IMPORTANT ELEMENTS IN ELECTIONS 重要的元素选举 |
The important elements for the conduct of elections are : 重要组成部分所进行的选举是： - Constituency 选区
- Elector 选民
- Candidate 候选人
- Election Process 选举过程
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| NUMBER OF CONSTITUENCIES 多少个选区 |
In the election system practised by Malaysia, a candidate is elected to represent the residents of that constituency at Parliament (Federal Election) or the State Legislative Assembly (State Election). 在选举制度的实行，由马来西亚，候选人当选为代表的居民该选区的国会（联邦选举）或国家立法议会（州选举） 。 To date there are 222 House of Representatives seats (Parliament) and 576 State Legislative Seats. 到目前为止，有222名众议员的席位 （ 议会）和576个国家的立法会议席。
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| DELIMITATION OF CONSTITUENCIES 划分选区 |
The Election Commission, as part of its main function, is responsible for reviewing the boundaries of Parliamentary and State Constituencies. 选举委员会的一部分，其主要功能是负责审查的界线在议会和国家的选区。 As provided for under the Federal Constitution, the Election Commission is to undertake this review at intervals of not less than 8 years. 规定根据联邦宪法，选举委员会是同步进行这项检讨其间隔不得少于8年。
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| REGISTRATION OF ELECTORS 选民登记 |
An important element in the election system is that the elector has to register with the Election Commission before he can vote in an election for the House of Representatives or the State Legislative Assembly. 的一个重要因素，在选举制度是该选民登记，选举委员会，然后才可以投票选举众议员的或国家的立法议会。
In Malaysia, a person is entitled to register if he : 在马来西亚，一个人是有权登记，如果他：
i) is a Malaysian Citizen; i ）是马来西亚公民;
ii) is not less than 21 years of age on the qualifying date; 二）不得少于21岁以下的就合格日期;
iii) is resident in any election constituency in Malaysia; and 三）是居住在任何选举的选区在马来西亚;
iv) is not disqualified. 四）是被取消资格。
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| DISQUALIFICATION 取消资格 |
An elector will be disqualified if he : 选民将被取消资格，如果他：
i) on the qualifying date is detained as a person of unsound mind or is serving a sentence of imprisonment; or i ）关于合格日期是扣留作为一个人的精神不健全或正在服刑的徒刑;或
ii) before the qualifying date he has been convicted of an offence and sentenced to death or imprisonment for a term exceeding 12 months and is still liable on the qualifying date; or 二）在合格日期，他已被定罪的，即属犯罪，判处死刑或监禁，刑期超过12个月，现仍负责对合格日期;
iii) found guilty under the Election Offences Act, 1954; or 三）被判有罪，根据选举的犯罪行为 ， 1954年;
iv) has acquired a foreign citizenship. 四）已取得外国国籍。
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| REVISION OF ELECTORAL ROLL 修改选民名册 |
The revision of electoral roll is carried out throughout the year as required by law. 修改选民名册进行了整个一年的规定，由法律规定。 You can register at the Election Commission’s Headquarters, State Election Offices, Post Offices or through the Commission’s mobile teams. 你可以登记在选举委员会的总部，州选举事务处，邮政局或通过委员会的机动队。 The revised electoral rolls are prepared every 3 months and they are displayed for 7 days for claims and objections. 修订后的选举名册准备每三个月，他们都张贴7天为索赔和反对意见。 After considering the claims and objections through public enquiry, the electoral rolls for that year will be confirmed by the Commission within a month. 经考虑债权及异议通过公共查询后，在选举名册上，这一年将会委员会确认的1个月以内。 During revision of the main roll, the names of deceased electors and those that have been disqualified under the law will be expunged from the roll. 在修订的主要名册的时候，名字的死者选民和那些已被取消资格根据法律规定，将予以删除，从名册。
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| QUALIFICATION OF CANDIDATE 资格的候选人 |
In the Malaysian system of elections, a candidate contesting can either represent a party or stand as an independent candidate. 在马国的选举制度，候选人角逐既可以是一个党或立场，作为一个独立的候选人。 He is qualified to be a candidate in any election if he fulfills the following: 他是有资格成为候选人在任何选举中，如果他履行下列内容：
i) he is a Malaysian citizen and a resident of the country; i ）他是马来西亚公民，并居住在该国;
ii) he must not be less than 21 years of age on nomination day; and ii ）他不能少于21岁以下的提名一天;
iii) he must be a resident of the State if contesting a state seat. 三）他必须是一个居住的国家，如果有抵触的一国席位。
A candidate will be disqualified if he : 候选人的资格会被取消，如果他：
i) has been found or declared to be of unsound mind; or i ）在已发现或宣布为精神不健全;
ii) found to be an undischarged bankrupt; or 二）被发现是未获解除破产;
iii) holding an "office of profit"; or 三）举办"办公室的利润" ;
iv) failed to lodge any return of election expenses; or 四）未能提出任何回报的选举开支;或
v) has been convicted of an offence by a court of law in Malaysia and sentenced to imprisonment for a term not less than 1 year or to a fine of not less than RM2000 and has not received a free pardon; or 五）已被定罪，即属犯罪，由法院依法马来西亚和判处监禁，刑期不得少于一年，或罚款不低于rm2000并没有收到一个自由赦免;
vi) has obtained a foreign citizenship. 六）已取得外国国籍。
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| ELECTION PERIOD 选举期间 |
Elections to the House of Reprensentatives and the State Legislative Assembly are, as stipulated by law, held once in 5 years unless dissolved sooner . 众议院选举reprensentatives和国家立法议会正，为法律所规定，举办一次在五年除非溶解越快。 The general election will be held within a period of 60 days from the date of dissolution. 换届选举将举行为期60天，自公布之日起解散。
By-elections also have to be held within the period of 60 days from the date of vacancy, caused by either death, resignation or disqualification of a member of the House of Representatives or the State Legislative Assembly. 经补选，还必须举行了为期60天，自公布之日起出缺时，所造成要么死亡，辞职或丧失资格的成员之一，美国国会众议院或国家立法议会。 In this aspect, the date of vacancy will be established by the Commission. 在这方面，最新的职位空缺，将设立委员会。 |
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| ELECTION PROCESS 选举过程 |
The general election or a by-election begins with the issuance of an election writ by the Election Commission to the Returning Officer. 换届选举或由选举开始发放选举令状，由选举委员会选举主任。 At the same time a notice will be gazetted stipulating the dates of nomination and polling. 在同一时间内公告，将刊宪，订明日期的提名和投票。
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| NOMINATION DAY 提名一天 |
Nomination day refers to the day fixed by the Election Commission for candidates to submit their nomination papers, to contest in the election, to the Returning Officers. 提名一天是指以固定天由选举委员会候选人递交提名文件，以竞赛，在这次选举中，向选举主任。 The nomination papers can be submitted by the candidate, the proposer and seconder or by anyone of them. 提名文件，可以提出候选人，提议人seconder或通过任何途径。 The papers must be submitted between the time of 9.00 am and 10.00 am on nomination day. 该文件必须提交之间的时候，上午09时和上午10时就提名一天。
Between 10.00 am and 11.00 am, the nomination papers will be displayed for scrutiny and objection. 间上午10时和上午11时，报名表，将张贴审议及异议。 In the case where only one candidate is nominated the Returning Officer will declare him as elected without contest. 在以下情况下，在只有一名候选人的提名，选举主任会宣布他的当选，没有竞赛。
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| DEPOSIT 存款 |
A deposit of RM 10,000 for a parliamentary seat and RM 5,000 for a state seat has to be submitted to the Returning Officer before nomination day or during the filing of nomination papers. The deposit will be forfeited if the candidate fails to secure 1/8 of the total number of votes polled by all the candidates in the constituency. 存款RM的10000为一个议会席位和Rm 5000个，为一国的席位已被提交给选举主任在提名前一天，或者是在提交提名文件。订金将被没收，如果候选人未能取得1 / 8数占总票数的调查，各候选人在选区。
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| USE OF SYMBOLS 使用的符号 |
A candidate representing a political party can use the party's symbol provided he obtains permission in writing from the head of the party. 候选人是代表一个政党，不能用党的象征，只要他获得书面许可，由主管党籍处分。 Independent candidates may choose any of the symbols which have been provided by the Election Commission and these will be printed in the ballot papers. 独立候选人，可以选择任何的符号已经由选举委员会和这些会印在选票上。
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| CAMPAIGN 运动 |
Then Election Commission has formulated special regulations for campaigns as stipulated under the Election Offences Act (Amendment) 2002. 然后选举委员会已制定了专门的法规，为运动所订下的选举犯罪法（修订） 2002 。 However, a campaign can only begin after completion of the nomination process and should end at 12.00 midnight before polling day. 然而，一项运动才能开始完成后，提名过程，并应就此结束，在凌晨十二时，在投票前一天。 To ensure the smooth conduct of elections, the Commission has provisions under subsection 3(5) of the Elections Act 1958 and section 27A of the Election Offences Act 1954 to appoint and Enforcement Officer and established one or more Enforcement Units in each Parliamentary constituency if deem necessary. 确保引黄济津工作顺利进行的选举，委员会已规定，在根据第3 （ 5 ）的选举法令， 1958年和第27A条选举罪法令， 1954年任命和执法人员，并建立一个或多个执法单位，在每一个国会选区，如果认为必要的。 This Unit will compromise the Enforcement Officer from the Election Commission, a representative from District Police Office, a representative from Local Government Authority and a representative from each party/candidate contesting. 这支部队不会妥协，执法人员从选举委员会，这是一个代表，由警区办公室，代表当地政府的权威和代表，由每一方/候选人角逐。 The Enforcement Officer is responsible to the Returning Officer and the duties of his Unit cover overseeing campaign materials, election speeches and public rallies, to ensure that the provisions of Elections Laws and Regulations are not breached. 执法人员负责向选举主任和职责所在单位支付监督宣传材料，选演讲和公众集会，以确保有关的规定，选举法规，没有违反有关。 The Commission also sets up various committees at Federal/State/constituency levels to brief political parties, candidates, or their agents and workers on the Commission's laws and regulations. 委员会还设立各种委员会，在联邦/州/选区各级简短政党，候选人或其代理人和工人对委员会的法律和法规。 Normally, election campaigns take the form of : 一般情况下，竞选活动采取下列形式： Distribution of pamphlets, handbills, letters 分发小册子，传单，信件 Posters 海报 Closed-door talks and meetings as well as public rallies 闭门会谈和会见，以及公众集会 House to house canvassing 挨家挨户拉票
Political parties are allowed to unveil and explain their party manifesto. 政党获准推出，并解释自己的党的宣言。 They can also use the electronic media. 他们也可以使用电子媒体。 However the candidates have to pay a deposit of RM5,000 for parliamentary elections and RM3,000 for state elections. 不过，候选人必须支付定金5令吉， 000为议会选举和rm3 ， 000为州议会选举。 This deposit will be returned if the candidates remove all posters, banners etc within 14 days after the elections. 这笔存款将被退回，如果考生清除所有海报，横额等，在14天内选举之后。 During the campaign period the police will, from time to time, issue separate quidelines to candidates contesting for the peaceful conduct of the elections. 在行动期间，警方会，不时发出单独quidelines至名候选人参加角逐，为和平进行选举。 All forms of campaigns must end by 12.00 midnight the day before polling day. 各种形式的宣传活动必须结束，由凌晨十二时，前一天投票日。 |
| POLLING DAY 投票日 |
Polling day refers to the day electors cast their vote. 投票日是指以每天选民投票。 Officially, this day starts after 12.00 midnight and ends with the announcement of the results. 官方统计，在这一天开始后，凌晨十二时，最后宣布选举结果。 However, polling time is fixed from 8.00 am to 5.00 pm for Peninsular Malaysia and from 7.30 am to 5.00 pm for Sabah and Sarawak. 不过，投票的时间是固定的，从上午8点到下午5点为马来西亚半岛，并从上午七时三十分至下午五时为沙巴州和沙捞越州。 For remote areas, mobile teams are utilized to facilitate polling. 为边远地区，流动小组正在利用，以方便投票。 In addition, the polling times may differ in different districts. 此外，投票时间可能有所不同，在不同的地区。 The Election Commission normally issues a general notice informing the public of important matters concerning the election. 选举委员会通常问题一般公告告知公众的重要事项，关于选举。
They include : 这些措施包括：
a) date of polling a ）日期投票站
b) location of polling stations b ）在投票站的位置
c) time of polling at all the polling stations c ）时间的投票站，在各投票站
d) location of counting and tally centres 四）所在地的计票和统计中心 Voting is carried out in gazetted polling stations. 投票是在宪报刊登的投票站。 Each station will have a Presiding Officer who will supervise the whole process of voting. 每站将有主持会议的主席团成员，他们将监督整个过程中的投票。 He will be assisted by voting and counting clerks. 他将予以协助投票和计票员。
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| COMMISSION'S ELECTION BOOTH (BARUNG SPR) 委员会的选举展台（ barung的SPR ） |
The present law does not allow candidate to open or maintain an election booth at every polling centre within his constituency. 现行法律不容许候选人来开启或维持一个选举展位每个投票站中心所属选区。 However the party is allowed to establish an operation room as long as it is not closer than 50 meters from the polling centre. 但是，党是允许建立一个运作的空间，只要它是不是更接近五十公尺，从投票中心。 To facilitate voting the Election Commission malaysia will set up its election booth at all the pooling centres These booths are to assist the electors to check their electoral roll serial number and the polling stream so as to ensure orderly polling. 为了方便投票的选举委员会，马来西亚将成立了竞选展台都汇集中心，这些摊位是协助选民查核他们的选民名册，序号和投票站流等，以确保有秩序地投票。
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| PERMISSION TO ENTER POLLING STATIONS 获准进入投票站 |
Only electors whose names appear in the principal electoral roll or the complementary electoral rolls of a particular polling station are allowed to enter to cast their vote. 只有名字出现在主要的选民名册或互补的选举名册上的某一个投票站被允许进入投下自己一票。 The electors Identity Card, issued by the National Registration Department, forms the basis of identification to be presented at all the pooling stations. 选民身分证，由国家登记处，形式的基础上确定 ， 将在所有的汇集站。 No person can vote in more than one constituency. 任何人可以投票，在一个以上的选区。 To ensure order and secrecy of the vote only the following officers are allowed to enter the polling station: 为确保秩序和投票保密，只有下列人员被允许进入投票站：
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| a) members and officers of the Election Commission; a ）成员和主席团成员的选举委员会;
b) the presiding officer and his election staff; 二）主持会议的主席团成员和选举工作人员;
c) candidates and their election agents; 三）候选人及其选举代理人;
d) candidate’s polling / counting agents; and 四）候选人的投票/点票代理人;
e) anyone who has obtained the approval of the Election Commission. 五）任何人如已获得批准的中央选举委员会。 |
| HOW TO VOTE 如何投票 |
Voting is by secret ballot. 投票是无记名投票。 An elector will cast his vote for one candidate only by marking the ballot paper with a sign "X" against the name of the candidate of his choice. 选民将参加投票，为一个候选人，只有标记在选票上的标志为" X " ，对候选人的姓名，他的选择。 After marking the ballot paper the voter will fold it along the folds appearing on the ballot paper and insert it in the ballot box provided. If two papers are marked for simultaneous elections (House of Representatives and State Legislative Assembly) each of the ballot papers will have to be marked, folded and inserted in separate boxes marked "PARLIMEN" and "NEGERI" 标记后，在选票上，选民将折沿褶皱出现在选票上，并插入它在投票箱规定，如果两个文件被标记为同步选举（美国国会众议院及州立法议会）每名选票将要作标记，折叠和插入单独盒上标明" parlimen " ， "州"
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| POSTAL VOTING 邮政投票 |
The postal votes are mailed, as early as possible, to electors who are entitled to vote by the postal vote method. 邮政选票邮寄，早在可能的范围内，选民有资格投票，由邮政投票的方法。 Postal voters normally comprise personnel from the armed forces, Police Field Force, election officials on duty, government officers serving overseas, students studying overseas, and spouses. Postal votes must reach the Returning Officer by 5.00 pm on polling day. 邮政选民通常包括人员，由武装部队，警察外勤队，选务官员执行职务时，政府人员任职海外，海外留学生，和配偶。邮政票数必须达到选举主任，由下午五时于投票日。 Proper procedures have been formulated to ensure the secrecy of the vote. 正当程序已经制定，以确保投票保密。
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| POLLING AGENT 监察投票代理人 |
The law permits a candidate to appoint a polling agent for the purpose of safeguarding his interest at every polling station at any one time. The role of the agent is to ensure that the voting is conducted in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations. 法律准许候选人委任监察投票代理人为维护其利益，在每一个票站，在任何一个时候。作用代理人，以确保投票的进行，在依照有关法律，法规。
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| COUNTING OF VOTES 票票 |
Counting of votes is carried out by the Presiding Officer at the pollling station or at a specified central counting place. 票票是由主持会议的主席团成员在pollling站或在某一指定的中央点票。 Postal votes for each constituency are counted by the Returning Officer at the specified place. 邮票，每个选区都清点，由选举主任，在指定的地点。
During the counting of votes only authorised persons are allowed to enter. 在整个点票过程只有经过授权者都不准进入。 They are : 他们分别是：
i) members and officers of the Election Commission; i ）委员和主席团成员的选举委员会;
ii) officers appointed by the Election Commission; 第二组）人员一名，由选举委员会;
iii) counting clerks; and 三）计数办事员;
iv) candidates, their election agents and their counting agents. 四）候选人 ， 其选举代理人及点票代理人。 The presence of the candidates' agents is to ensure that the counting is carried out in accordance with the proper process as provided for by the relevant laws and regulations and to ensure that the counting is correct, fair and transparent. 在场的各候选人的代理人，以确保计票，是全面贯彻落实，按照适当程序的规定，由有关法律和规章，并确保该票是否正确，公正和透明。
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| OFFICIAL TALLYING OF VOTES 官方点票 |
After the completion of counting of votes at the various polling stations and the central counting centre a statement of the results of the poll will be forwarded to the Returning Officer at the tally centre. 完成后，点票的票，在各投票站和中央点票中心的一份声明中的，调查的结果将送交选举主任在点票中心。 The Returning officer will add all the votes, inclusive of postal votes, to determine the winner. The Returning Officer for the constituency will declare the candidate, who secures a simple majority, as the elected representative of that constituency. 选举主任会添加所有选票，其中包括邮政票，以决定胜负。选区的选举主任会宣布该名候选人，他们保证了简单多数，作为民选代表该选区。
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| ELECTION PETITION 选举呈请 |
The results of the election can be challenged in court. 选举的结果，可以向法院提出质疑。 A petition can be lodged on the following grounds: 一份请愿书，可直接向基于下列理由：
i) bribery, intimidation or any misconduct that may have affected the result of the election; 一）贿赂，恐吓或任何不当行为都可能影响选举的结果;
ii) non-compliance with Election Laws and Regulations; 二）不遵守选举法律和法规;
iii) corrupt or illegal practice committed by the candidate or any of his agents; 三）舞弊或非法行为所犯下的候选人或他的任何代理人;
iv) the candidate or his agent found to be disqualified for the election. 四）该候选人或其代理人发现被取消选举。
The election petition may be presented to the High Court Judge within 21 days after publication of the results in the Gazette. 选举呈请书，可向高院法官在21天内公布成绩后，在宪报刊登。 If the Election Judge, after conducting a trial over an election petition, decides the election to be void, the Election Commission will give notice of a fresh election for the constituency concerned. 如果选举法官后，进行试验，有超过选举呈请书，决定选举被视为无效，选举委员会将发出通知，一个新鲜的选举，选区的关注。
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| RETURN OF ELECTION EXPENSES 返回竞选经费 |
A candidate is entitled to incur expenses in the conduct of the election but not in excess of : 候选人有权招致的开支，在选举进行时，但不超过：
a) RM200,000 for House of Representatives 一） 20万令吉，为的众议员
b) RM100,000 for State Legislative Assembly b ）在100令吉， 000 ，为国家立法议会 The report on the return of election expenses should be forwarded to the State Election Officer within a period of 31 days after the date of publication of the election results in the Gazette. 报告中关于归还竞选经费应送交该州选举主任，在一期31天的公布日期后的选举结果在宪报公布。 Failure to submit the statement of the account of elections expenses or if he fails to submit within the prescribed time he will be guilty of an illegal practice as stipulated under the Election Offences Act, 1954. 未提交的声明，该帐户的选举开支或他如果不向内部在指定的时间内，他将被视为非法的做法，因为根据规定，选举罪法令， 1954年。 |
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| STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF ELECTION DOCUMENTS 储存和处置的选举文件 |
In the election process an important aspect is the storage of the ballot papers and other relevant documents. 在选举过程中的一个重要方面是存储的选票和其他有关文件。 These documents are to be placed in a special box or boxes and securely sealed in the presence of the agents of the candidates. 这些文件都被放置在一个特殊的投票箱及安全密封，在存在代理人的候选人。
These boxes are to be kept for a period of 6 months in the safe custody of the Returning Officer. 这些箱子是要妥为保存期为6个月，在保管的选举主任。 The State Elections Officer however will store the marked electoral rolls and the counterfoils of the ballot papers. 该州选举主任，但会存储标志着选举名册和counterfoils的选票。 This is to ensure the secrecy of the vote. 这是为了确保投票保密。 The boxes are only to be opened, in cases of petition, under the order of a High Court Judge. 接线盒是唯一被打开，在案件的请愿书，并根据该命令的一位高等法院法官。 After the period of 6 months the Returning Officer, on obtaining permission from the Election Commission, will destroy the ballot papers and documents. 期满后6个月内，向选举主任，就获得允许，由选举委员会将摧毁选票和文件。 The Returning Officer will submit to the State Elections Officer the certificate of disposal. 选举主任会向州议会选举主任证书的处置。
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| CONCLUSION 结论 |
The process of elections in Malaysia is considered good in view of the enactment of various laws and regulations which ensure free and fair elections as well as transparency of the process. 选举进程在马来西亚被认为是好的，鉴于制定的各种法规，以确保自由和公正的选举，以及这一过程的透明度。 In addition the election process ensures a speedy declaration of the election results. 除了选举过程中，确保迅速宣布选举结果。
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